By Mohit Kumar Karnani
Secretary of Indian Newspaper & Journalist Society, India
Even before setting foot in China—officially known as the People’s Republic of China (PRC)—the country had already made a deep impression on me. From its sweeping historical legacy to its dizzying pace of modernization, China’s image in my mind has been shaped through a blend of curiosity, admiration, and discovery. Attending the National Day of China in 2023 was a pivotal moment that transformed my perception from scattered assumptions into an informed appreciation.
From Assumptions to Understanding
Before that event, like many others, my understanding of China was shaped by fragmented narratives. I believed China to be a patchwork of territories mired in disputes, a land racing through industrialization, and a place where dumplings were a staple at every meal. However, through cultural exchanges, documentaries, books, and firsthand stories, my mental image of China evolved into that of a complex, multifaceted nation that seamlessly blends antiquity with cutting-edge progress.
The country’s iconic historical landmarks like the Great Wall and the Forbidden City stand proudly amidst futuristic skylines in Shanghai and Shenzhen, reflecting a fascinating contrast that defines modern China.
Geographical Diversity and Regional Richness
Spanning approximately 9.6 million square kilometers, China is the world’s third-largest country by land area, boasting an astonishing array of geographical features:
Northern China includes the Gobi Desert and Mongolian Plateau, harsh yet resource- rich regions.
Northeast China, with the Manchurian Plain, endures bitter winters but is a major hub for coal and iron.
Central China, where the Yellow River flows—the “cradle of Chinese civilization”—is vital for agriculture.
Southern China, marked by a humid subtropical climate, is home to the Yangtze River, Asia’s longest, supporting bustling cities and dense populations.
Western China is framed by the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, sparsely populated but rich in cultural heritage.
The eastern coastline, with over 14,500 kilometers along the East and South China Seas, drives economic activity through port cities like Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Beijing.
This rich geographic diversity contributes to a wide range of climates, cultures, and lifestyles across the nation.
A Platform for Cultural Exchange
As a member of the India-China Friendship Association I’ve had the opportunity to actively contribute to enhancing mutual understanding and cooperation between the two nations. This platform allows me to connect with people, exchange ideas, and participate in meaningful events that promote lasting friendships beyond borders.
Political Landscape: The One-Party Rule
China’s political system, dominated by the Communist Party of China (CPC) since 1949, is often a subject of global debate and fascination. Under President Xi Jinping, China has experienced great changes not seen since the era of Mao Zedong. His vision of the “Chinese Dream” centers on national rejuvenation, economic modernization, and a more prominent global role for China.
China’s initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) exemplify its ambition to shape international trade, infrastructure, and diplomacy in a multipolar world.
Economic Transformation and Global Impact
From a closed, centrally planned economy to the world’s second-largest, China’s economic journey is nothing short of remarkable. It is a powerhouse in: Manufacturing and exports (electronics, textiles, machinery) Technology and innovation (AI, fintech, green tech) Global trade and infrastructure development China is also pivoting toward domestic consumption, sustainability, and technological self-reliance as future growth drivers. Despite challenges, it continues to influence global markets and reshape international economic policies.
Education: Rigorous Yet Respected
China’s education system is known for its academic rigor, starting with compulsory education from ages 6 to 15. The infamous Gaokao examination determines access to elite institutions like Tsinghua and Peking University, both world-renowned.
While the system emphasizes discipline and excellence, recent reforms aim to incorporate creativity and critical thinking. With a literacy rate exceeding 97%, China is producing a technically sound and globally competitive workforce.
Technology: Innovation at Lightning Speed
When it comes to technological advancement, China is leading the charge. With number of companies its dominates in: AI development 5G infrastructure Electric vehicles Fintech and e-commerce Mobile payment systems like Alipay and WeChat Pay have revolutionized everyday life.
China’s aspiration to be a global AI leader by 2030 highlights its forward-looking vision.
Social Life: Tradition Meets Modernity
Chinese society masterfully blends ancient traditions with modern lifestyles. Family remains a central pillar, and respect for elders is deeply ingrained. Rapid urbanization has introduced a cosmopolitan culture, while traditional customs—like celebrating the Chinese New Year or playing mahjong—remain strong.
Apps like WeChat have redefined communication and social interaction. The entertainment industry—from cinema to online gaming—is thriving, and leisure activities now include everything from tai chi in the park to shopping sprees in mega-malls.
Interestingly, I found a beautiful cultural parallel in how both India and China revere religious sculptures and celebrate traditional festivals.
Art and Culture: Echoes of the Past, Expressions of the Present
China’s artistic legacy spans calligraphy, ceramics, ink painting, opera, and philosophy.
Philosophies like Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism still influence ethics and social behavior. Regional cuisines—from Peking Duck to Sichuan hotpot—add sensory richness to this cultural mosaic.
As the largest consumer market in the world, fueled by a population of over 1.4 billion, China is also a major hub for fashion, luxury goods, tech products, and leisure industries.
Chongqing: A Glimpse into China’s Future
The Belt & Road Journalist Forum 2024 held in Chongqing, stories shared by past participants Chairman of Indian Newspaper & Journalist Society Dr. Parveen Gupta revealed a city that symbolizes China’s transformation. Nestled along the Yangtze River, Chongqing is an industrial and cultural hub. Its Western Logistics Park exemplifies integration in global trade, and its 20,000 bridges symbolize the link between history and modern infrastructure. Chongqing’s green development initiatives show how China is aligning industrial progress with environmental responsibility.
Conclusion: A Nation of Contrasts and Continuity
My first impression of China, formed through research, imagination, and cultural engagement, is one of awe, curiosity, and deep respect. The fusion of ancient philosophy and futuristic ambition, the breathtaking geographical diversity, and the richness of social and cultural life all paint a picture of a resilient and remarkable civilization.
Though I have not yet visited, China already feels like a familiar friend I am eager to meet—one that inspires me to explore, learn, and grow in ways I had never imagined.
*The views and opinions expressed in the articles are solely those of the individual authors and do not reflect the position of the Secretariat of the Belt and Road Journalist Network.